Roger Williams :: essays research papers

Roger Williams ... A Brief BiographyDrypoint etching, 1936, by Arthur W. Heintzelman, commemorating the Tercentenary of the founding of Rhode Island by Roger Williams. Courtesy of Roger Williams University Archives.ROGER WILLIAMS was born in London, circa 1604, the news of James and Alice (Pemberton) Williams. James, the son of Mark and Agnes (Audley) Williams was a "merchant Tailor" (an importer and trader) and probably a man of some importance. His will, proved 19 November 1621, left, in addition to bequests to his " winsome wife, Alice," to his sons, Sydrach, Roger and Robert, and to his daughter Catherine, money and bread to the poor in various sections of London. The will of Alice (Pemberton) Williams was admitted to probate 26 January 1634. Among other bequests, she left the sum of Ten Pounds yearly for twenty years to her son, Roger Williams, "now beyond the seas." She further provided that if Roger predeceased her, "what remaineth thereof unpaid ... shall be paid to his wife and daughter...." Obviously, by the time of her death, Rogers mother was aware of the birth in America in 1633 of her grandchild, Mary Williams. Rogers youth was spent in the parish of "St. Sepulchres, without Newgate, London." While a young man, he must have been aware of the numerous burnings at the stake that had taken place at nearby Smithfield of so-called Puritans or heretics. This probably influenced his later strong beliefs in civic and religious liberty. During his teens, Roger Williams came to the attention of Sir Edward Coke, a brilliant lawyer and one-time Chief Justice of England, through whose influence he was enrolled at Suttons Hospital, a part of Charter House, a school in London. He next entered Pembroke College at Cambridge University from which he graduated in 1627. All of the literature currently available at Pembroke to prospective students mentions Roger Williams, his part in the Reformation, and his founding of the settlement of Rhode Island. At Pembroke, he was one of eight granted scholarships based on excellence in Latin, Greek and Hebrew. Pembroke College in Providence, once the womens college of Brown University, was named after Pembroke at Cambridge in honor of Roger Williams. In the years after he left Cambridge, Roger Williams was Chaplain to a wealthy family, and on 15 December 1629, he married bloody shame BARNARD at the Church of High Laver, Essex, England. Even at this time, he became a controversial figure because of his ideas on freedom of worship.

Nuclear Power Plant :: essays research papers

New form of Energy for CapetownCapetown is considered to be the largest city in South Africa, having a population of over 2,727,000 inhabits. The energy form utilize in Capetown at the moment, is Gas Turbine, wich provides most of the citys electricity. The use of electricity in Capetown is very low compared to western countries, for example there is provided one TV for almost ten people, the energy consumption per inhabit a year is about 4000 kWh, wich is 2550 kWh less than the energy consumption per inhabit a year in Paris, France.Our plan is to built the most effective, cheap also inviromentaly friendliest way to produce energy for the 1 575 000 inhabits of Capetown, we came to the solution BUILT A nuclear POWER PLANT. ?Picture of Loviisa, Nuclear billet fixWe explain our solution by the following facts?If we built other forms of plants we would need3Coal power plants or12Hydro power plants or7Gas turbine power plants or173Solar power plants or4792Wind power plants.but we st ill need one nuclear power plant to provide enough electricity for 1 575 000 people. Inviromental facts that concerned usA nuclear power plant may sound nasty and dangerous, from the naturistic point of view, but that is not a fact. A very good example of this is, the amount of fuel that a 900 MW nuclear power plant take, wich is about one van of uranium per year, but a coal power plant with same capacity needs about 140 tons of coal per hour, and it also polutes the air by carbon dioxide wich is released when coals stored energy is been transformed into heat energy. The carbon dioxide wich is been released in the prosess causes greenhouse effect, wich is the main cause of increased temperature of world. A hydro power plant does not need fuel, but it polutes the sights of a beautiful current river, because of it size, sometimes self-coloured villages have to be moved from the reservoir area, it also effects the biosystem of both up-and down stream for quite a long distance from th e location of the dam. A wind power plant is a good solution but it needs space, even one turbine needs about 100x100m space to work properly, if a malfunction appears in the turbine, it can fall down or the blades might break, and fly for thousands of meters. The industry producing the turbines polutes the inviroment, The turbines also cause some problems in TV and radio receiver links.

Differences and Similarities of Short Stories :: The Withered Arm The Red Room Essays

Differences and Similarities of Short StoriesIn this essay I will be comparing the differences and similarities offour short stories I have read, , The manoeuvreman, The Red Room, The composition with the wriggle Lip and The Withered Arm also I will belooking at how the writers have created an atmosphere.The four stories are all of mystery and try to restrain the reader grippeduntil the end, all have areas in which there is suspense. In TheSignalman Charles Dickens keeps the reader in suspense because whenthe ghost visits the signal man you dont really issue who the hauntingwarning is for. In The Red Room H.G. Wells keeps the reader insuspense because when the ghost is sighted it is never reallydescribed. In The Man with the Twisted Lip Arthur Conan Doyle keepsthe reader in suspense by not actually telling if it is a murder onjust disappearance. Also in The Withered Arm doubting Thomas Hardy keeps thereader in suspense because you find out who Gertrude catches the rashfrom.Each w riter had a setting and different historical background TheSignal Man was pen in 1866 by Charles Dickens, the surroundingsfor his story was an old railway station with old steam trains. TheMan with the Twisted Lip written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle waswritten in 1860. This story was one of many Sherlock Holmes taleswhich display aspects of life in the last decade of Victorians reign.The Red Room by H.G Wells was a black letter horror story, which hadtraditional scenery at a castle (Loraine castle). The Red Room waswritten in 1894, H.G Wells makes it obvious how ancient and oldfashioned everything in the castle was. The Withered Arm by ThomasHardy was written in 1865 and located in Wessex, around Dorchesterwhich Thomas Hardy calls Caster bridge the county town of Dorset wheremost of his stories were set.The Signalman by Charles Dickens was set at an old rail way station,with steam trains. The idea of a signal box in the countryside and being manually operated, gives a sense of histo rical background fortodays readers.The Man with the Twisted Lip by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle was set inthe streets of East London. A few years onwards the story was written afamous sequential killer Jack the Ripper murdered people on the verysame streets where the story was based on in the story it saidAn endless succession of sombre and deserted streets.This gives the effect that the streets are frightening and vicious.The Red Room by H.G Wells is a Gothic horror story set in a

King Leopolds Ghost Essays -- English Literature Essays

ability Leopolds GhostOut of sight mind is very convenient. If we dont see what is really going on it is easier for us as consumers to sleep at night. Capitalism, colonialism and slavery are still practiced today, but in foreign countries and in a different manner. Before version King Leopolds Ghost, when I thought of slavery I thought of the transatlantic slave trade or Africans working as slaves in the US. After reading the book my eyes were open to a whole new perspective on slavery, capitalism and colonialism. When buying a product from a local store, ane rarely inquires of the origin of the products raw materials as well as the working conditions / living conditions of the employees who created it. Our clothes, toys, accessories, and many other items have more storey than we decide to realize. Take the designer imitation shoes you bought on sale from Payless for $10. Did ever wonder why or how you could get such a striking Deal If the tag says MADE IN CHINA, it was produced for very cheap labor possibly by children working and living in conditions we would find impermissible for ourselves. In a way it is slavery, because in poor countries jobs are often scarce and pay is bad. If you have a job you will go to extremes to slip by it, not because you like the job, but because you need it to survive. The owner of the business knows that and therefore he or she has a control over your life. This form of slavery is cerebrate directly to capitalism and communism first becaus...

Importance of Ben Loman in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman Essay

The Importance of Ben Loman in in Arthur Millers ending of a Salesman Ben Loman is an alpha character in Death of a Salesman but he is quite unusual. The audience encounters Uncle Ben during Willy Lomans hallucinations of the past and as a result, it is tempting to remissness his character as just another creation of Willys delusional mind. However, Ben is much more than that. His character is representative of Willys unrealistic dreams as well as the real estate of his life. When the audience maiden encounters Ben (Miller 44), he represents the success that Willy is striving for. Before the audience learns of the success that Ben encountered in Africa, they see him on the stage accompanied by an idyllic musical topic similar to that of Willys father (Launsberry). His father also symbolizes success. However, it is soon clear that Ben actually represents the death that Willy will inevitably encounter. Ben appears to the audience at measure when Willy is feeling around low an d possibly contemplating suicide. He appears for the first time as Willy expresses exhausti... Importance of Ben Loman in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman EssayThe Importance of Ben Loman in in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman Ben Loman is an important character in Death of a Salesman but he is quite unusual. The audience encounters Uncle Ben during Willy Lomans hallucinations of the past and as a result, it is tempting to disregard his character as just another creation of Willys delusional mind. However, Ben is much more than that. His character is representative of Willys unrealistic dreams as well as the realty of his life. When the audience first encounters Ben (Miller 44), he represents the success that Willy is striving for. Before the audience learns of the success that Ben encountered in Africa, they see him on the stage accompanied by an idyllic musical motif similar to that of Willys father (Launsberry). His father also symbolizes success. However, it is soon clear that Ben actually represents the death that Willy will inevitably encounter. Ben appears to the audience at times when Willy is feeling most low and possibly contemplating suicide. He appears for the first time as Willy expresses exhausti...

Importance of Ben Loman in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman Essay

The Importance of Ben Loman in in Arthur Millers finish of a Salesman Ben Loman is an important character in Death of a Salesman entirely he is quite unusual. The auditory sense encounters Uncle Ben during Willy Lomans hallucinations of the past and as a result, it is tempting to disregard his character as just another intro of Willys delusional mind. However, Ben is oft convictions more than that. His character is representative of Willys unrealistic dreams as well as the realty of his life. When the audience first encounters Ben (Miller 44), he represents the success that Willy is strive for. Before the audience learns of the success that Ben encountered in Africa, they see him on the stage accompanied by an idyllic musical motif similar to that of Willys paternity (Launsberry). His father also symbolizes success. However, it is currently clear that Ben actually represents the death that Willy will inevitably encounter. Ben appears to the audience at times when Willy is f eeling most low and possibly contemplating suicide. He appears for the first time as Willy expresses exhausti... Importance of Ben Loman in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman EssayThe Importance of Ben Loman in in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman Ben Loman is an important character in Death of a Salesman but he is quite unusual. The audience encounters Uncle Ben during Willy Lomans hallucinations of the past and as a result, it is tempting to disregard his character as just another creation of Willys delusional mind. However, Ben is much more than that. His character is representative of Willys unrealistic dreams as well as the realty of his life. When the audience first encounters Ben (Miller 44), he represents the success that Willy is striving for. Before the audience learns of the success that Ben encountered in Africa, they see him on the stage accompanied by an idyllic musical motif similar to that of Willys father (Launsberry). His father also symbolizes su ccess. However, it is soon clear that Ben actually represents the death that Willy will inevitably encounter. Ben appears to the audience at times when Willy is feeling most low and possibly contemplating suicide. He appears for the first time as Willy expresses exhausti...

Advanced Medical Technology Solution Essay

Would you, as Mr. Winter, recommend a loan to AMT? If so, on what basis? As Mr. Winter, I would recommend a loan to Advanced Medical Technology Corporation (AMT). There are several reasons why I would recommend a loan to AMT. The biggest factor is this company is still in the growth / infancy stage of its life cycle. They have invested large amounts of capital into the research and development, and marketing of its products, and it is alike soon to see the rewards from these investments.Some of the changes that need to be made in order for a loan to be approved for AMT include improving manufacturing efficencies, short-run loans, operations, and managing their accounts recieveables. The manufacturing operations of AMT can be streamlined which will enable AMT to see greater profits. Right now they are building in ten to twelve week lot sizes, and they are not always making the products they need. With the investment into a information system, they can streamline this process.This wa s installed in 1984, and they are making progress. I would recommend reshuffling rough positions (i. e. , MRP, planning, master data) in order to obtain the full benefit of the information system. They can build larger lot sizes of some products which will cut down on the direct labor costs for the materials. Making only the products they know they have demand on will decrease the excess and obsolesnce amount they have to reserve for each quarter.AMT can also cleanse its accounts receivable days outstanding ratio by having more have over its A/R. Having someone do background checks on new customers instead of granting all new customers the same 30 days. Some customers with scurvy credit history should be given no credit, and must pay COD or before the products are shipped to minimize risk of default. Well-known customers or customers with great credit can be given more than 30 days. Also, collection of past-due accounts should be pursued more aggressively.Based on the criteria mentioned, and the financial statements, I would give AMT the full $8 one thousand thousand line of credit. The company has had great growth in its revenues. Although this company has not been profitable over the last 3 years, if it had to turn a profit, it could do so by eliminating research and development. Just by selling existing products, it would have had a net income of $3. 8 million in 1985 if it did not have the research and development expense. I am not advising the removal of R&D, I am just providing a surpass case scenario for the company.Ending the R&D department would cause no new products, and new improvements to existing products in an ever changing evenronment. This company has the possible to become profitable in 1986, and pay down significant amounts to its debt by the end of 1987. And they need to pay down some debt in order to improve their working capital which was fine in 1983, but because of expenses (possibly related to the installation of the information system) in 1984 its working capital has soured.

Effectiveness of Matatu Saccos a Case Study Ofnairobi County

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1. 1 Background of the champaign The conveyance of title application sector is comprised of a wide range of service providers covering both agencys of post air, alley, sea and rail. In Kenya, two clandestine and public providers offer runation to the public.Due to the diversity of the transport sector in Kenya, the infrastructure group the department of Price Waterhouse Coopers-Kenya that deals with explorees on industries and infrastructures, had classified passages as the prime link amid all the scotch sectors since they account for 80% of Kenyas total passenger and freight transportation as well as value of output (PWC Kenya 2009). The treatment matatu is derived from the local kikuyu vernacular word mangotore matatu which means thirty cents which was the standard charge for every trip make. Chitere. O and Kibua. N, 2004). Majority of Kenyans do non cause private cars, thus they use matatus as their stylus of transportation. By 2003, the i temize of matatus in operation(p) in both urban and rural aras was estimated at 40,000 and they provided affair to 160,000 muckle and paying up to Ksh. 1. 09 billion per annum to the government in taxes (Chitere and Kibua, 2004). The origin of matatus in Kenya canister be traced back in the late mid-fifties. After Kenyas independence in 1963, Africans mig pass judgmentd to Nairobi to search for employment opportunities.In render inal settlements began to expand in areas where there was limited transport. These people were too poor to own private vehicles. Recognizing the opportunity for monetary gains mend providing the much needed service, mini-bus taxis (which were largely possess by middle-income people) began offering transport operate from rural areas and in bringal urban settlement around the city. Due to steep demand, the number of matatus increased but was operating illegally until 1973 when the and then president (Mzee Jomo Kenyatta) issued a decree officially recognizing matatus as a mode of public transport.This made them to be the main mode of transportation in Nairobi metropolitan up to today, with an estimated number of 15,000 matatus. (Graeff J, 2009). The receiptss that are attached to matatus as a mode of transport by various parties include Owners nab income inform of profits, workers such as drivers, conductors and stage workers as well as get income in form of salaries, passengers get mobility and base hit, different highroad users such as cyclist, motorists and pedestrians also get safety, and institutions such as local authorities get revenue.Despite all this, there is still a struggle for regulative and economic sphere of influence in the matatu sector (Khayesi. M, 1999). It has been reported that there is insufficient consistent data virtually matatus. If any, there is limited access to the database and can only be found through SACCOs (Graeff. J, 2009). Since the official recognition of the matatu as a means of tr ansporation in 1973, the sector grew to the extent that the owners formed a field standoff to control the deeds of the sector and also advocating for their rights and demands.All matatu operators were expected to belong to this association, that is, The Matatu Vehicle Owners Association (MVOA). They had a rule that forced advanced matatu operators to register with the association in order to be allocated a route of operation. The association attracted the attention of both the Government and political opposition groups who saw the association as an of the essence(predicate) ally to advance political moves. The association was disbanded by the Government and was acc apply of having been penetrated by rich individuals who were oppressing the weak members by assigning them to routes that had fewer passengers.The Government then left individual members to operate on any route although it did not end the influence and support that politicians had for the matatu owners and operators (Khayesi. M, 1999). The Government then introduced SACCOs in the matatu sector as one of the reforms strategy that designed to manage transport systems (Graeff. J, 2009). These SACCOs played an all- important(prenominal) role in addressing the concerns of the stakeholders and integrating the matatus into a comprehensive system. They are the professional transport firms as they act as the key takeholders. They act as the liaison between the members of the SACCO and the another(prenominal) stakeholders including the Government. They sacrifice the ability to unify the intentness and strengthen the voice of the stakeholders which is an important incentive. Although SACCOs are important, they compete with each other thus creating a dangerous and stressful environment (Graeff. J, 2009). A Savings And Credit Co-Operative (SACCO) is an association of like-minded people registered on a lower floor the ministry of cooperatives.It is owned and operated by its members, according to democr atic principles, for the purpose of encouraging savings, providing credit facilities and other related fiscal services (The SACCO bill, 2005). In Kenya people are eligible to form a SACCO if they lose a similar occupation or profession or are employed by a putting sur attend employer or within same business district or market area they ask common membership in association or transcription including, but not limited to religious, social, cooperative, labor or educational groups who reside, worship or work within the same defined community (the SACCO bill, 2005).It extends to any form of application, not exclusively transport. In the case of matatus, a group depart register to become a SACCO identifying itself mainly with the route where it is operating, although many people cite to the SACCOs as route associations (Graeff. J, 2009). 1. 2 Statement of the Problem There have been several welfares that have been accrued to the use of SACCOs as a mode of matatu focus in Kenya. Th ey include creation of employment and additional revenue in form of taxes to the Government (Chitere. O and Kibua.N, 2004), professional focussing, monetary support and tailord conflicts to the owners and employment benefits, credit services and employment contracts (Khayesi. M, 1999). The proponents of managing matatus individually argued that, operating matatus individually earns a lot of profits due to reduced costs such as SACCO contributions, the taxes paying to the Government and the salaries paid to the professionals and employees and poor financial attention (The Citizen, 2010). There has been an argument that operating matatus on individual basis makes it easy to reach decisions faster than when in SACCOs.This was based on the argument that in the SACCO there go forth be a split of decision among the members on different issues concerning the SACCOs thus delaying the decision fashioning process. The financial management in SACCOs can be poor simply because the leaders who manage the finances have no basic k immediatelyledge of financial management with the addition of poor working environment and increased political interference (The Citizen, 2010). While the benefits of matatu SACCOs are undisputed, there have been several concerns close to its achievement in equipment casualty of financial benefits, handling matatu patience challenges and improving road safety.Investors and other stakeholders need guidance concerning this. This study was used to guide the entrepreneurs interested in the matatu sector on the mode that would bring full benefit to them which took the form of studying the death penalty of matatu SACCOs, in advance and after their formation and that of individual management. 1. 3 Objectives of the examine 1. 3. 1 General Objective To assess the effectiveness of SACCOs in the management of matatus in Nairobi 1. 3. 2 Specific Objectives To find out the difference in the financial revenues and costs before and after the format ion of matatu SACCOs.To examine the role of matatu SACCOs in handling the challenges facing the transport industriousness. To find out the aim of road accidents before and after the formation of matatu SACCOs. 1. 4 search Questions What are the financial benefits that come with SACCOs as a mode of matatu management? How do matatu SACCOs handle the challenges that face the transport industry? Has matatu SACCOs back up in dealing with road safety? 1. 5 Significance of the study Matatu SACCOs operate in environments surrounded by communities who depend on them for jobs, tax revenues and quality services.All stakeholders have interests in the well-being of their SACCO. This SACCOs also operate in environments which are characterized by political interests, markets existence, culture, values, technology, regulations and taxing authorities (Agumba. N, 2008). This study would be of great benefit to the matatu owners as it found out the challenges that matatus and matatu SACCOs face in these environments. This uncertain environment leaves doubt in the stake holders. This study would also benefit the stake holders as it would aid them to make decision in order to mitigate the services of this industry.There is SACCO leadership for efficiency and probity and that SACCOS are responsible, responsive, accountable, transparent, competitive and sustainable. with the study, the new entrepreneurs would want to be reassured that Matatu SACCO enterprises are viable, sustainable and competitive are held accountable and not left to hunting expedition amok are competitively attractive to investment fundss are responsible corporate citizens and that they comply with legal framework and remain relevant and legitimate in society (Agumba. N, 2008)The majority of matatu owners has reasonable educational and training qualification and occupational experience in fields such as banking, accountancy as well as teaching and is well certified of about the industry. mostly they have ot her etymons of income and can use credit to improve their vehicles. This points that the industry still attracts new entrants and entrepreneurs with funds to invest in the industry, they will therefore need some guidance on which form of management they should use for their business. 1. 6 Scope of the StudyThis study was conducted to find out the financial gains that matatu owners get when they are operating their business through SACCOs. This covers credit facilities to attainment and maintenance of the mini-buses, repair costs, level of income and generally the issue of security in order to help the owners acquire loans from the financial institution. The study also covers how productive the SACCOs manage the matatus better than if it was to be managed on individual basis and if there are any savings made if the matatus are managed through SACCOs.This study also found out the benefits that SACCOs give to other stakeholders in the matatu industry, the differences that SACCOs hav e brought to the welfare of the workers in the matatu industry, the levels SACCOs aid in the decrease of road accidents and how far they aid the road traffic department in bringing order to the roads, the safety that the users (customers) feel while apply the SACCO owned matatus in affinity to the individually run matatus and the challenges that matatu SACCOs face during their operation.This study also covered the transport industry in Kenya, and because of the diversity in the industry, the research will focus on the road transport in Nairobi. This was through finding out how effective the matatu SACCOs have been in the management of the matatu industry. 1. 7 Limitation of the Study For a general conclusion to be reached, this research needs to be conducted within the whole country, but in this case, the study is limited to Nairobi alone. As an addition, there are other circumstanceors that can be used to measure the effectiveness of the matatu industry other than the ones that this research has used.The results of this study did not put in to consideration the other variables that affect the functionality of the matatu SACCOs. Usually, it is ceaselessly difficult to make people reveal the amount they benefit from a minded(p) business or enterprise. CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2. 1 innovation The matatu as a means of transport has an array of businesses and individuals who are involved in it. Apart from the regulatory potential that has been shown, there are economic interests pursued by the owners and operators.The matatu is not just a business for the low-income and the self- employed workers, it is a big time enterprise now involving the affluent in the society (Khayesi. M, 1999). There are cases where one individual owns several matatus. There are also other businesses that are linked to the matatu industry, for display case insurance firms, motor vehicle body builders, vehicle assemblers, vehicle importers, garages, petrol stations, driving schoo ls and commercial banks/ money lenders but in this case SACCOs will be our main concern.This means of transport employs drivers, conductors and stage workers. All these people are stakeholders in the matatu industry and therefore they have benefits that they attach to the industry hence a need for effective management of the industry (Khayesi. M, 2002). This chapter explores what other researchers have found on how the stakeholders have gained from managing the matatus on individual basis in comparison with SACCO mode of management. 2. 2 Conceptual Frame Work The management of the matatu industry in Kenya has taken two main forms of management.These are management through SACCOs and managing the matatu business as an individually. This research took the matatu SACCOs as the dependent variable on to which the effectiveness of the industry will be measured through the factors as the independent variables. These are the financial benefits of using SACCOs as a mode of managing the indus try. In this case, costs and gains, access to credit and other financial benefits, effectiveness in terms of handling of matatu industry challenges, effectiveness in improving road safety and reducing road accidents.The outcomes of the results can be affected by the involvement of the Government but during this research its effects were kept constant. presage 1 Conceptual Framework Financial Benefits/Revenues Independent Variables (Factors) Dependent Variable (Outcomes) Effectiveness Of Matatu SACCOs Matatu SACCOs Road Accidents Source (Researcher, 2012) 2. 3 abstractive Review concord to Aline. J, (2011), the first Kenyan co-operative society, the Lumbwa co-operative society was formed in 1908 by the European farmers with the main objective of purchasing farm inputs at radically reduced prices because of their numbers and on friendly terms to the members who paid in installments or when they harvested and then market collectively market their produce. Lumbwa was re t argetd in 1930 by the Kenya Farmers Co-Operative to take over the role of farm input supply.After seeing the success of European co-operatives, the smallholder African farmers fought for the formation of their own co-operatives, in which they were allowed to form in the late 1950s and register co-operatives for cash crops like coffee and pyrethrum. Consequently at independence in 1963, there were 1,030 co-operative societies with 655 being active with total membership of 355,000(Aline. J, 2011). Since independence investment in Kenya has empowered and energized by the existence of the co-operative sector where pooling of resources was closely linked to Mzee Kenyattas call of Harambee.Presently, matatu SACCOs are dominating the city route in form of route associations (Graeff. J, 2009). In Kenya, SACCOs are co-operatives which are formed by an association of people who come together with a common purpose of pooling together resources for unwashed economic and social benefit (Aline. J, 2011). According to Mikwamba. E and Ngombe. W (2003), a SACCO is an autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet their common economic and social needs through a jointly owned and democratically controlled enterprise or business.The objectives of forming SACCOs include organizing and economic interests of its members promoting thrift among members opportunity for accumulation of savings, loans at fair and reasonable terms providing opportunities for members to improve their economic and social conditions and perform the functions that they were formed to (Aline. J, 2011). According to the SACCO societys regulatory bill, 2005, a SACCO is registered by authorship an application to the registrar of SACCO societies who will register the SACCO if it has complied with the provisions of the Act.This research found out if the objectives of forming SACCOs in the matatu industry are being realized by using them in the managing of the matatus in the Nairobis transport secto r and their effectiveness. 2. 3. 1 The Management and Operation of SACCOs According to Mikwamba. E and Ngombe. W (2003), members are the nerve center of the SACCO and the reason for the SACCOs existence. The members are the owners and the only users of the SACCO and no more persons has the monopoly in a SACCO regardless of ones share and savings.Usually SACCOs are democratically run and controlled organizations. According to the SACCO societys regulatory bill, 2005, one thing that is clear is that the affairs of a SACCO are managed and administered by a board of directors elected at annual general meeting. It is this board of directors which will hire a manager and support staff to run the day to day operations of the SACCO. In most(prenominal) cases the manager and the staff hired are qualified and competent people with skills and knowledge of SACCOs (Chitere. O and Kibua.N 2004). According to Mikwamba. E and Ngombe. W (2003), a SACCO is a financial business and it has to be mana ged as such. Its major commodity is the money the members bring in as their savings for the safe keeping, convenience and as a form of investment. The savings earn competitive interest rates. Members who have naturalized their credit worthy can borrow from the SACCO. The interest on loans, investments and the other income is used to cover practicable costs as well as paying interest on members savings.The next surplus is used to pay dividends to the members and the building of SACCO detonating device reserves. Specific duties and responsibilities in a SACCO are assigned to different committees to ensure smooth running and coordination of SACCO activities. All the committee members are elected from the general membership. According to Chitere. O and Kibua. N, (2004), owners of the matatu are employees and professionals in different fields like, banking, accountancy and teaching and thus they dont involve themselves in the hand on management of their matatu businesses.This study fo und out how effective the employees of the SACCOs will be effective in the running of matatus on behalf of their employers and ensuring that they receive the benefits they are entitled to as provided in their values. 2. 3. 2 Effectiveness of SACCOs SACCOs create the opportunity for people to take responsibility for their own financial organization, these is facilitated through democratic processes. SACCOs pay dividends on shares to their members once the SACCO is established and profitable. Members therefore take pride in owning their own SACCO.SACCOs educate their members on financial matters by teaching prudent handling of money, how to keep track of finances, how to work out and why to keep away from hire purchase and loan sharks, this encourage saving culture for their members. Loans of SACCOs are usually insured thus death of a member the e accede will not have to repay the outstanding loans to the SACCO. After deducting all the working expenses from the income, the profit is usually shared among members according to their sustain (South African Reserve bank, 2011). . 3. 3 Effectiveness in Terms of Financial Benefits According to Mudibo. E, (2006), SACCOs have been in existence for a long time starting line with the Raffeissen movement in Germany in the middle of the 19th century. The movement has since spread to most countries, both developed and developing world and throughout the decades they have been important for small-scale savers and borrowers. This has been embodied in the co-operative and SACCO principles which was summarized as user-owned financial services.In this case the savers/ borrowers own and govern their institution which provides them with the financial services that they need. This was the fundamental quality of the SACCO since its set-up provides for demand-led services firm by members in a democratic and participatory manner. It is the clients who are the members, as well as the owners themselves, who decide on which type of fin ancial services to benefit them, how these are to be provided and where the external forces cannot take advantage of members need for the services.Not only did SACCOs provide savings facilities from their formation but they also generally applied a holistic approach to the needs of their members. Loans were provided for productive purposes and variety of needs for example for welfare and consumption purposes (Mudibo. E, 2006). This research reflects these financial benefits to the case of matatus, whereby according to Chitere. O and Kibua. N, (2004), the sign capital to invest in matatus is large and hence difficult to rise together with the insurance costs and taxes.The other benefits will be in terms of operating costs like fuel, costs of repair and maintenance which can be reduced when operating in SACCOs (Chitere. O and Kibua. N, 2004). 2. 3. 4 Challenges of Matatu SACCOs Cartels have positioned themselves in the name of SACCOs to take advantage of new operators seeking to join the industry. The high financial requirements demanded from new by established SACCOs have forced some operators to unload out on this business while some operators use fake stickers of unregistered SACCOs (Mwaniki, W 2011).Some SACCOs have invested in other line of businesses and when a new member comes it becomes a challenge. 2. 3. 5 Effective in Terms of Handling Challenges According to Agumba. N, (2008) SACCOs operate in an environment surrounded by communities who depend on them for jobs and tax revenues and customers for quality products and services. All stakeholders have interests in the well-being of their SACCO. These SACCOs also operate in an environment which is characterized by political interests, markets existence, culture, values, technology, regulations and tax authorities.Despite these challenges, SACCO values under the principle based model voluntary membership, democratic member control, member economic participation, autonomy and independence, education, trai ning and information, cooperation among SACCOs and concern for community are key to enhancing performance in handling challenges within and out of the SACCO (Agumba. N, 2008) According to Chitere. O, (2004), most drivers and conductors do not observe traffic rules and are responsible for many accidents in both rural and urban areas.Other problems include harassment of owners and workers by the police, corruption, government and local authority taxes, lack of control of the industry by the vehicle owners and exploitation by cartels. A larger study was carried out that examined policy, legal and regulatory framework institutional arrangements costs and benefits and the internal efficiency of the industry at the local level and their training was weak and conditions of work poor (Chitere. O, 2004). This research found out how effective the matatu SACCOs have been in the handling these challenges. 2. 3. 6 Road Safety in KenyaThere has been a rapid increase in the number of matatus on K enyan roads from the time they began operating till today. Unfortunately, the industrys vast festering has been accompanied by increasing road traffic accidents that have threatened the safety of Kenyan passengers. The accidents tripled from 3,578 in 1963 to 10,106 in 1989, and 11785 in 1994 (Chitere. O and Kibua. N, 2004). In these accidents, 2,014 persons were killed, 6,650 were poorly injured and 11,094 had minor injuries. The cause of these accidents are majorly reckless driving, driving non-roadworthy vehicles and poor conditions of the road.Research by Odera, Khayesi and Heda (2003) found that 3,000 people are killed annually on Kenyan roads, which translates to 68 deaths per 1,000 registered vehicles. This is the leading trend in whole world (Chitere. O and Kibua. N 2004). Transport Licensing board (TLB) is supposed to license all PSVs, allocate them routes and regulate their operation timetables. It has been unable to allocate routes and monitor or even ensure PSVs have op eration timetables which might be as a result of the board not being conversant with the routes (Chitere. O and Kibua. N 2004).Due to this the Government has tried to put in some measures in the form of the historied Michuki rules in order to reduce the rate of accidents on roads. These reforms included Fitting speed governors to all PSV and commercial vehicles to a speed of 80km/hr. Fitting seat belts to all vehicles (both public and private). Issuing of badges and uniforms to all drivers and conductors. Indication of route details for purpose of easy identification. Re-testing drivers after every two years. Displaying of drivers passport photograph together with the identification details.These rules (Michuki rules) proved difficult to agree owing to the level of expenses attached to it. This research found out how the SACCOs have helped in the reduction of reckless driving through enforcing the reforms that were put in place by the government and also found out how far the SACCO s have gone to reduce accidents in Nairobi. CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3. 1 Introduction This chapter looks at the methodology used to conduct the study. It highlights and expounds on the research methods employed in conducting the research, methods that were used in collecting data, how the data was analyzed and reported. 3. 2 Research DesignResearch visualize is the plan and structure of investigation so conceived so as to obtain answers to research questions. The plan is the overall program of the research and includes an outline of what the police detective did from writing the hypothesis and their operational implications for the final analytic thinking of data. Cooper and Schnielder (2003) summarize the essentials of research design as an activity and time based plan always based on the research question guides the withdrawion of sources and types of information a framework for specifying the relationship among the study variables and outlines the procedures for every research activity.In conducting this research, descriptive research design was used in collecting the data from respondents. The design was preferred because it was concerned with answering questions such as who , how, what, which, when and how much (Cooper and Schnielder, 2001). A descriptive study was cautiously designed to ensure complete description of the situation, making sure that there is minimum bias in the collection of data and to reduce errors in translation the data collected. 3. 3 Target PopulationThis research considered all matatus operating in Nairobi County. Those operating on the routes that ferry people to the city were the main target population. This gave the researcher easy access to the workers of the matatus as they were at their respective stages (matatu terminus). In the sample distribution frame, more consideration was awarded to the major matatu SACCOs with offices in Nairobi metropolitan operating large occupancy vehicles. This was efficient and effec tive in terms of cost and accessibility to the researcher.Table 1 Target population Route North of Nairobi (a) atomic number 99 of Nairobi (b) South of Nairobi (c) West of Nairobi (d) Long (Population Size) Distances (e) Capacity (Population Category) High Occupancy 30 30 30 30 30 scurvy Occupancy 40 40 40 40 40 Source (Researcher, 2012) 3. 4 Sample Design Majorly stratified and clustered sampling was used to select a sample that will represent the entire population. Stratified sampling was the best procedure as it gave the chance to group the matatus in accordance with their capacity i. e. , high occupancy and low occupancy. In addition, clustered sampling supplemented stratified sampling.This technique helped in accessing all routes (Nairobi County has several routes) which gave a fair ground for the acquisition of different opinions since different routes have different matatu SACCOs that have varying strategies in attaining their goals. This method wa s the major source of primary data. Table 2 Target sample size Route North of Nairobi (a) East of Nairobi (b) South of Nairobi (c) West of Nairobi (d) Long (50%) (50%) (50%) (50%) Distances (e) (50%) Capacity High Occupancy 15 15 15 15 15 Low Occupancy 20 20 20 20 20 Source (Researcher, 2012) 3. 5 Data order of battle InstrumentsIn this research, the use of both primary and secondary winding sources of data was adopted. Personal interviews were done through appointments with the managers or phone call interviews in case an appointment failed, questionnaires which were given in a period of one week and then collected by the researcher and direct observation on physical basis were the source of primary data. The use of relevant literature like Matatu SACCOs website, business magazines, daily newspapers and government authorities (traffic department) journals available for the public was an ideal source of secondary data. 3. 6 Data Analysis and Presentation The data c ollected in this study was both qualitative and duodecimal in nature.This was for the analysis of data to show the effectiveness of SACCOs in the management of the Matatu Industry. The analysis applied the use of percentages to show the effectiveness of SACCOs. This analysis made it possible to draw appropriate conclusion about the study and pave way for reporting and documenting the study. In order to infer the data that was collected into a form that is understandable to the users of this study, the researcher used tables for quantitative analysis and cross comparison analysis and pie charts that depict the trends and frequency distribution of the research. CHAPTER FOUR DATA ANALYSIS, PRESENTATION AND INTEREPRETATION 4. 1 IntroductionThe study aimed to establish the effectiveness of SACCOs in the management of the transport industry in Nairobi County. This chapter discusses data analysis and findings of the research. Descriptive analysis was used and represented by the use of tab les and pie charts. Qualitative analysis was used to summarize the respondents final comments in the questionnaire so as to get a better insight on their opinions on Matatu SACCOs as a mode of transport industry management. 4. 2 Respondents The sample size comprised of 100 respondents drawn from selected Matatu SACCOs. Out of the 25 SACCOs that were given questionnaires, 5 of them gave their feedback. Table 3 Sample and number respondents MATATU SACCO Sample size Returned unreturned percentage MWI Sacco 20 18 2 90% Double M 20 20 0 100% Super bridle-path 45 Sacco 20 15 5 75% City hopper 20 16 4 80% KBS 20 18 2 90% TOTAL 100 87 13 87% The research targeted the owners, managers and employees (drivers, conductors and stage workers) of the SACCOs to provide information. Table 4 Type of respondents SACCO OWNERS MANAGERS WORKERS MWI SACCO 5 5 8 biramous M 2 8 10 SUPER HIGHWAY 45 SACCO 4 3 8 CITY HOPPER 3 4 9 KBS 0 6 12 TOTAL 14 26 47 4. 3 Findings The financial revenue b enefit was indicated by 85% of the respondents saying that there are financial revenues gained by the use of SACCOs as a mode of matatu management and 15% supported individual management and that the financial status before SACCOs were formed was the same as that of individual management which was prominent in the past. Figure 2 Pie chart founding on increase in financial benefits picWhen it comes to the reduction of the operational costs, 83% of the respondends accept that there is a significant reduction in the operational costs of the matatu sector. This is attributed to the fact that some SACCOs have their own petrol station thus reducing the costs. On the other side, the remaining 17% dont see any reduction in the operational costs as there are contrubutions made by the SACCO every morning or evening of the day. Figure 3 Pie chart presentation on the reduction of operation costs pic In reference to the level of profitability, 25% of the respondents said that the profitability of the SACCOs was high compared to individual management. 58%, of the respondents said that the profitability of SACCOs is speciality but etter than individual management, and 17% retained that the profitability of the SACCOs was low compared to individual management since daily contributions are made by the SACCO which reduces daily production. Figure 4 Pie chart presentation on the level of profitability pic To the challenges facing the transport (matatu) sector, majority of the respondents at 50% still maintain that SACCOs have done zip to manage the challenges. They attribute this to the fact that the SACCOs are just a statutory requirement and not a free will initiative while others state that the challenges facing the transport industry is a responsibility of the government for example, bad roads and that the work of the SACCO is to support them financially not in terms of handling challenges. 2% of the respondents said that the management of the challenges by SACCOs is bett er than individual management. This is mainly due to the fact that finances are also a challenge and that the services offered by the SACCOs are part of the solution to the challenges. 18% of the respondents are satisfied with the way SACCOs are handling the challenges that face the industry. Figure 5 Pie chart presentation on the level of handling challenges by SACCOs pic In response to the level of accidents, 54% of the respondents support that SACCOs have reduced road accidents supported by the fact that they ensure that their drivers maintain road safety while others said that they service their vehicles in order to enhance safety standards. TThe remaining 46% of the respondents said that accidents have not reduced because they are not only caused by public service vehicles alone but others like personal cars, long-distance Lorries, motor cycles, and other users. Figure 6 Pie chart presentation on the level of road accidents pic In terms of general effectiveness, 85% of the resp ondents said that the SACCOs have been effective in the management of transport industry and have brought order in the matatu industry. 13% of the respondents said that matatu SACCOs are not effective in the management of the transport industry. Figure 7 Pie chart presentation on Effectiveness of SACCOs pic 4. 4 Qualitative analysisFrom the findings we can see that the introduction of SACCOs as a mode of transport industry management has benefited the owners, workers and other stake holders of the matatu industry with 85% of the respondents supporting that SACCOs have been effective in the management of the transport industry. To the owners, there has been a benefit in terms of accessing credit facilities, sharing of operation costs with other matatu owners and monthly or yearly dividends received from the SACCO with or without operation since 83% of the respondents supported that the SACCOs have reduced operational costs. Drivers also get financial support from the SACCO as a means of self -help.They gain credit facilities from the SACCOs at an affordable rate as compared to the other financing institutions like banks. The Owners and other stakeholders like the Government also benefit financially in terms of taxes and profitability since 85% of the respondents supported that SACCOs have increased financial benefits and the profitability gained through them are as follows High-25%, Medium-58% and Low-17% The other beneficiaries of the Matatu SACCOs are passengers, who enjoy safety and quality services and other road users benefit from the relatively good order on the roads and discipline in both conduct and service with 54% of the respondents who have supported that SACCOs have reduced road accidents and have increased road safety.Unfortunately, the SACCOs have not been able to curb certain challenges within the transport sector such as corruption, harassment by the police and reckless driving by their drivers with 50% of the respondents saying that they have not done enough to handle these challenges. CHAPTER FIVE news OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5. 1 Introduction. This chapter presents the summary of the research based on the analysis of the responses received from the relevant respondents. It is a summary of the main findings of the research and how they relate to the nature of the study. This chapter also includes suggestions for further action and research. 5. 2 Discussion of the Findings Matatu SACCOs have been effective in the management of the transport industry at 85%.This is attributed to the increase in financial revenue benefits at 85%, reduction in the operation costs at 83%, level of profitability being medium at 58% and reduction of road accident at 54%. Despite being unable to manage the challenges facing the industry, SACCOs are still able to manage the challenges of the industry at 32% better and 18% best, 50% of the respondents indicated that SACCOs are worst managers of the challenges facing the in dustry. The passengers indicated that the use of matatu SACCOs as a mode of transport industry management has set standards of service in order to satisfy the customers. Other road users indicated their satisfaction towards the improvement in the level of order and road ethics. In comparison to management by Matatu SACCOs, the effectiveness of management on individual basis stood at 15%.This was indicated by the financial revenue benefits at 15%, reduction of costs at 17%and profitability at 42%. Generally, passengers were dissatisfied with the services offered by the matatus and they saw the industry as a house of insanity and disorder. This was attached to reckless driving and high level of accidents as a result of this. 5. 3 Conclusion With use of Matatu SACCOs as a mode of transport industry management, there is a sign of relief to the stakeholders of the matatu industry. SACCOs give the owners professional service in terms of management. Therefore, the profitability of SACCOs i s medium and it gives satisfaction to the owners since they benefit financially from the SACCOS.In the long run, there is anticipation by all stake holders that the problems and challenges facing the industry will be handled through the SACCOs and in turn this will improve the Matatu Sector. 5. 4 Recommendations The challenges facing the SACCOs can be helped by the government. This includes improvement of road networks. This will help reduce the cost of maintaining the vehicles. The Government should put the right structures in the right places in order to reduce the procedures regarding the registration and legislations of the SACCOs. The dealers in the petroleum industry, should try to reduce the cost of fuel. This will be of great benefit to the other stakeholders.To reduce the level of road accidents, that should be taken as a responsibility of everyone who makes the use of the road from motorists to pedestrians. The government should enforce the road safety (the famous Michuki rules) to the latter. To the SACCO management, there should be additional training to the staff in areas such as financial management and customer service. The drivers and other workers should be employed on relatively permanent basis for better accountability. 5. 5 Limitations No SACCO accepted to give their financial report. The SACCOs termed the financial reports as private and could not be issued for research. Most of the Matatu SACCOs are new (less than 3 years old) since the government legislated them.Therefore it is difficult to obtain financial information covering the whole period. REFERENCES Agama N, Effectiveness of SACCO governance model (2008) foreign J, The history of the co-operative movement (2011) Chitere O. and Kebab N, Efforts to improve road safety in Kenya Achievements and limitation of reforms in the mutate industry, (2004) Chitere O, A study of owners, workers and their association and potential for improvement, (2004) distress J, The organization and future of the mutate industry in Nairobi Kenya, (2009) Gotha N, Matatu experience in Kenya,(2006) Jack W. and Habyriamen. J, Heckle and chide results of a randomized road safety in Kenya, (2009) Khayesi.M, The struggle for regulatory and economic sphere of influence in the matatu means of transport in Kenya, (1999) Khayesi. M, Struggle for socio-economic niche and control in the matatu industry in Kenya, (2002) Kenya Gazette supplement (no. 98, Acts no. 14) SACCO Societies (2008) Mudibo. E, Integrating financial services in to poverty reduction strategies, (2006) Mwikamba. E and Ngombe. W, Know more about SACCOs,(2003) PWC Kenya, Issues facing the transport industry, (2009) Rothschild J. and White J, The co-operative workplace, Cambridge University press, (1986) Riddley-Duff R. Social enterprises as a socially rational business, (2008) SACCO Societies regulatory bill, (2005) Donald R. Cooper and Pamela S. Schindler, Business Research Methods (2003)

Balancing School Essay

The biggest challenge for many of us is how to balance our studies, work and family demands. piece we want happy fulfilling lives outside of family, work and school, we curb to make personal sacrifices in order to be successful in life. Since meter is precious, keeping a balance between three worlds can be a challenge. Fortunately, with proper planning, balance is possible. Every day, I have to make choices and manage my metre unbelievably well in order to be able to balance my online studies, my work and family demands.In my opinion family demands, work and studies balance are a process, not a static achievement. So, it is payoffful to make the decisions selecting careers and jobs, timing children, allocating roles and responsibilities etc, that will provide the opportunity for balance. The real task of balance takes place on a weekly and periodic basis, even from hour to hour . To help me balance and organize my studies, work and family demands, I bought a daily planner. Th e daily planner comes in very dexterous and I would recommend it for everyone to ingestion it.It is very practical, its small so you carry it everywhere you go. It helps you organize your daily life, write down assignments and manage your time. Many peck do not have the time to go to a classroom when you have a job and a family to spend time with. It can be very challenging when you have to work and take care of your family while you try to go to school. Penn Foster is a good decision that I have made when deciding which school to attend because it is online and the classes are self pace.The field that I have chosen is Paralegal because the job availability is high and the stick out is good also. I feel that in this field I will be able to take care of my family a whole lot demote and make everything easier for me and my family. I feel that the decision I have made is the right one. My family and friends help me maintain a positive attitude when I transmit discourage or overwh elmed. I have learned to prioritize things in my life and that helps me achieve my goals. Always plan ahead.First, the most important thing is to use your time wisely. Figure out how you typically spend your day. Make a list of time commitments that cannot be changed. Then, figure out how you spend your unscheduled time. It is important to include all the shifts and upcoming assignments and exams in the schedule. I use Microsoft Outlook calendar for time planning. It is user friendly and a convenient tool for time management. Accurate scheduling helps me to manage time efficiently whereby freeing up time to spend with my family.The first step to achieving balance in your time is to need your family to agree on what the priorities should be. Make them understand that studying often requires long hours. In these instances, support from your family has to be there. Additionally, when children are involved you may have to re-balance your time so you have time to spend with children. Pl an on having a little family time every day and schedule some special family event once a week. So you see balancing work, studies and family can be a challenging but if you put your mind to it you can to it.

Grief, Loss, and Finding Meaning and Purpose Essay

Death is something that is out of humans control, and it brush off produce all kind of feelings, and attitudes. The following constitution discusses critical issues associated with understanding and facing wipeout. There are various feelings and emotions that a person base experience after they loss soul special in their lives. Through out this paper we forget try to identify, express, and find what had been discovered through out melancholy, and loss. There are several major issues associated with death, but we will focus only on two of them.For instance when a person is facing death, that person would experience denial, isolation, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance but the two major factors that will be discussed on this paper are depression and anger. According to the Merriam-Western Dictionary Death is the act of dying, the end of life, and there are several slipway of coping with the emotional reaction when facing death. We all experience many losses through o ur lives, and when the loss is the death of someone really close to us, someone who we love and care aboutperhaps a family member, a coworker, neighbor etc. That loss can cause a grieving process that can surely affect the way se see things and continue our lives.One of the issues associates with understanding coping and facing death is anger. Lets say for instance that if the cause of death of a family member was something unexpected, anger feelings can take control over that person. Anger is a wide range of emotions, is a strong feeling of displeasure, and hostilities aroused by a wrong, wrath, ire. (Dictionary.com). On the other hand, when facing an early death of a love one, the dominant feeling present on the perch of the family is anger, leading them to a bitter indignation at having been experience the unfairly death of one of their family members. The anger of a person who is experiencing a loss, can be targeted many things, or personsperhaps anger at God for allowing that situation, anger over what seems unfairly and unjust.A nonher issue associated with understanding, coping, and facing death is depression. Individuals who are depress use to isolate or withdraw them selves, they feel hope less and they are not ready to go back to their usual activities they feel hopeless. A persons attitude, beliefs, and values about death are according tohis/her cultural influence, and this will contribute with the way they respond when facing death and affliction. An mortals culture would influence the way that individual will respond when phasing death. Culture can influence a person on the way they suffice the ceremonies or rituals when grieving. For instance in some countries, when a child died the parents are allow to bath and dress the child with their own cloths, when in different countries it is not permitted even to cry. These two different ceremonies show the different ritual people have according with their culture, values and beliefs.Finding meaning and purpose can be part of the grief process for those who faced a loss. Even though is not an easy process, that crisis can be turn into an opportunity to find lawful meaning. Many people can grow through grief, and learn to appreciate the value of life, and become better persons. In many cases the grieving process can be an opportunity to unify the family who is suffering. There is always family issues that could separate a family, but the death of a member can be an opportunity to meet that family, and that is when meaning and purpose take place in the grief process.Grief and loss are universal, and it cannot be controlled by any human kind. The stage of grief and loss occurs in respond to the death of a value personemotions and attitudes take control of those who are facing it. Loss is an unavoidable part of life, and grief is the healing process of those wounds that a loss could leave an in an individuals life.ReferencesKubler-Ross, E. Death The Final Stage of Growth. New Yo rk Prentice-Hall, 1975. http//cogprints.org/9155/Developmental theory. (2006). In Elseviers dictionary of psychological theories. Retrieved from http//library.gcu.edu2048/login?qurl=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.credoreference.com.library.gcu.edu%3A2048%2Fcontent%2Fentry%2Festpsyctheory%2Fdevelopmental_theory%2F0

Determination Of Vitamin C Content Of Tablet Essay

ABSTRACTIn this try, the vitamin C content of a commercial oral contraceptive pill is determined and compared with the manufacturers specification. Vitamin C is water-soluble and is an enantiomer of ascorbic acid. (Commercial vitamin C is often a admixture of ascorbic acid and other ascorbates.) Ascorbic acid, C6H8O6, is a reducing agent that reacts rapidly with iodine (I2). As the iodine is added during the titration, the ascorbic acid is oxidised to dehydroascorbic acid, while the iodine is reduced to iodide ions as shown in the following equation.Ascorbic acid + I2 (aq) 2I- (aq) + dehydroascorbic acidDue to this reaction, the iodine formed is immediately reduced to iodide as dogged as there is any ascorbic acid present. The pith of ascorbic acid is determined by the stoichiometry of the equations and the difference in the midst of the total amount of iodine present and the amount that reacts with the thiosulphate. This method is suitable for use with vitamin C tablets, fre sh or packaged fruit juices and solid fruits and vegetables.INTRODUCTIONVitamins are a group of small molecular(a) compounds that are essential nutrients in many multi-cellular organisms, and humans in particular. L-Ascorbic acid was kickoff isolated as a pure substance by Albert Azent-Gyorgi and Charles Kingin 1928 (Pauling, 1970), an anti-oxidant and waive radical scavenger, is found ubiquitously in fruit and vegetables such as citrus fruits (oranges, lemons, limes, tangerines etc.), melons, tomatoes, peppers, broccoli, green leafy vegetables such as spinach, potatoes and turnips, its quantitative determination is especially great in the production of wine, beer, milk, soft drinks and fruit juices, where it can be a quality indicator (Gerrior & Zizza, 1994) .Given the essential role played in the human dieting and necessary to growth and repair of tissues in all parts of human body .It is necessary to form collagen an important skin proteins ,scar tissue ,tendons, ligaments, an d blood vessels. Vitamin Cis essential for the healing of wounds, and for the repair and maintenance of cartilage, bones and teeth (Mcevoy, 1993) one of the several ways of determining the ascorbic acid content of a resolvent is by titration. control structure of vitamin c (ascorbic acid)Titration is a volumetric analysis and is one of the basic analytical techniques in chemistry which enables one to quantitatively determine how a great deal of a specific substance is contained in a given sample. This technique is involved in almost every aspects of our daily living such as life sciences, clinical chemistry, water pollution, industrial analyses etc. In order to make meaningful titration analysis, one has to understand and learn the principles involved. Several types of titration techniques are flat available but, two general types which are still in much use are acid-base and reduction-oxidation ( redox). Acid-base titration involves the neutralization reaction and the products a re generally salt and water. Redox titrations involve the titration of an oxidizing agent (or oxidant) with a reducing agent (or reductant) or vice versa. Oxidation process involves loss of electrons while reduction process involves gain of electrons. thusly an oxidizing agent is one which accepts electrons while a reducing agent is one which loses the electrons. There must be a sufficiently large difference between the oxidizing and reducing capabilities of these agents for the reaction to undergo completion with a sharp end point.MATERIALS AND METHOD250-mL conical flaskVitamin C tablets400-mL beakerKBrO2 solution50-mL, 25ml and 10ml measuring cylinder10% KI solution50-mL burette with stand2.0 M H2SO4 solutionGlass stirring rodStarch indicatorAnalytical balanceA. STANDARDIZATION OF atomic number 11 THIOSULPHATE1. A cadence titration setup was framed up using a stand, a burette clamp and a white tileFigure 2 setup for titration(Courtesy of http//www.chemteach.ac.nz)2. A burett e was rinsed with distilled water and then with the given sodium thiosulphate solution. 3. With the stopcock closed, the rinsed burette was fully filled up with the sodium thiosulphate solution and then the stopcock was opened so that the tip of the burette was also allowed to be filled up. The initial burette volume was recorded to an accuracy of 2 tenfold places 4. A 25.00cm3 pipette was rinsed with distilled water, and then with KBrO3 solution. 5. 25.00cm3 of standard solution of KBrO3 was transferred to a clean conical flask using the rinsed pipette. 6. Using a 25cm3 measuring cylinder, 25ml of 2M H2SO4 was transferred into the conical flask containing the KBrO3 solution. 7. Using a 10ml measuring cylinder, 5ml of 10% KI solution was also added to the conical flask containing the KBrO3 solution. 8. Immediately, the reaction mixture in the conical flask was titrated with the sodium thiosulphate solution until a pale yellow solution was observed. 9. A few drops of starch solution were added to the pale yellow solution in the conical flask. 10. Titration of the mixture was continued until the solution changed from dark blue to colorless. The final burette reading, accurate to 2 decimal places, was recorded. the volume of the sodium thiosulphate solution added was calculated 11. Apart from the first trial, 2 more successive titrations were carried out. The burette was refilled in between runs when the volume remaining was not enough for a complete titration.B. ANALYSIS OF VITAMIN C TABLETSFigure 3 vitamin c tablets(Courtesy of lule.blogspot.com)1. A tablet of vitamin c was transferred into a 250ml conical flask andapproximately 40cm3 of 2M H2SO4 was added. The tablet was then crushed to dissolve until a solution formed.2. Using a measuring cylinder, 10cm3 of 10% KI solution was added to the tablet solution and 25cm3 of standard KIO3 solution was pipetted in to the flask.3. The solution was then immediately titrated with standard thiosulphate solution in the b urette until the dark color changed to the original color of the tablet.4. This procedure was repeated with 2 more samples of the tablet.5. The volume of sodium thiosulphate use in each titration was recorded and the average volume was calculated.RESULTS AND CALCULATIONSTRIALSINITIAL READINGSFINAL READINGSTITRE VOLUMEAVERAGE TITER10.8533.6032.7532.3320.8033.1032.30314.8546.8031.95Table results from calibration of sodium thiosulphate (A) Number of moles of KBrO3 in 25cm3 solution = this formula is used because the molarity of the solution is given and the volume is known0.009640.025=0.000241molMass of KBrO3 solution used= this formula is used in deriving the mass of a substance when the no. of moles is given (or derived)=0.000241mol167g/mol=0.040247g= 40.25mg dumbness of KBrO3 =No. of moles of Na2S2O3 required for one titration = 0.00241mol6= 0.01446molMoles of I2 liberated = 2.4110-4 molesConcentration of Na2S2O3= 0.298mol/dm3TRIALSINITIAL READINGSFINAL READINGSTITRE VOLUMEAVERAGE TITER18.8011.702.903.43211.7015.203.50315.2019.103.90Table 2 results from vitamin C analysis (B)Brand of vitamin C CenovisManufacturers specification of vitamin c tablet 1000mg of vitamin c per tabletMolar mass of vitamin C (C6H8O6) = 126+18+166=176g/molBalanced Equation for reaction = KIO3+5KI+3H2SO4 3I2+3H2O+3K2SO4Number of moles of KIO3 in 25cm3 solution = 0.00100 molMoles of I2 produced by 25cm3 of KIO3= 0.001003= 0.003 molesNo of moles of Na2S2O3 needed to react with spare I2Moles of I2 that reacted with sodium thiosulphateNo. of mole of Na2S2O3 =No. of mole of original I2 no. of mole of excess I2 =0.000723- 0.0005=0.000223molNo. of mole of I2 that reacted with ascorbic acid = 0.006-0.0005 = 0.0055Mass of ascorbic acid = 1760.0055= 0.92g =920mg end pointThe experiment was successfully carried out and the results were encouraging. The analysis of the vitamin c content of the Cenovis tablet was carried out using titration. The vitamin c tablet was crushed into a conical flask a nd specific amounts of KI and KIO3 were added. The solution was then titrated with standard thiosulphate solution until the required color was derived. The results were recorded and calculations to determine the amount of ascorbic acid in each tablet was also successfully done. However the resultsfrom the experiment showed different values from the manufacturers specifications. The manufacturer (Cenovis) claims that each vitamin c tablet contains 1000mg of ascorbic acid while this experiment shows otherwise. After calculations were done, the experiment found each vitamin c tablet to be containing about 920mg of ascorbic acid which is below the manufacturers specification. However this error could be as a result of different factors 1. The manufacturer of the tablet made wrong analysis of the tablet. 2. This experiment contained errors which arose from wrong reading of instruments, wrong calibration of instruments, or errors in uncertainty.Works CitedGerrior, S., & Zizza, C. (1994). Nutrient content of the U.S food supply, 1909-1990. Washington D.C U.S department of Agriculture. Mcevoy, G. (1993). Drug information the american hospital formulary service. American society of health-system pharmacist. Pauling, l. (1970). vitamin c and the common cold.studymode.js. (2010). commercial vitamin c tablet analysis. Retrieved from studymode http//www.studymode.com/essays/Commercial-Vitamin-c-Tablets-Analysis-470526.html

Early Childhood Education and Creative Learning Essay

1. Analyse the differences between creative study and creativity. Creativity and creative learning ar highlighted by the Early Years unveiling gift (EYFS) framework as being a significant aspect in the holistic development of young electric razorren. Children need to lease the opportunities to respond in an individual and personal way, make choices and follow revolutionary ideas uninhibited by adult expectations. Many people believe creative learning and creativity are the same but in fact they are very different.Creative learning is about how children are actively involved in their own learning and their ability to make choices and decisions. Ofstead states that among professionals, creative learning is seen as questioning and ch eitherenging, making connections and seeing relationships, envisaging what might be, exploring ideas, keeping options open and reflecting critically on ideas, actions and outcomes. (Ofstead 2010) Creativity nevertheless is about seeing things in a new way and using your imagination.Being creative is strongly linked to play and by allowing children to explore and present themselves through a variety of media or materials including, dance, music, craft, drawing, painting and role play, children are able to produce original outcomes in a variety of ways. The National consultatory Committee on Creative and Cultural Education (NACCCE) defines creativity as imagination, fashioned so as to produce outcomes which are original and of value (NACCCE, 1999) and believes all people have the capacity and democratic right, to be creative in all aspects of life.2. Explain current theoretical approaches to creativity and creative learning in early childhood. Western society has for many years supported the idea of nurturing childrens creativity to enhance early childhood education, inspired by Swiss philosopher Jean-Jaccques Rousseaus Romantic view first voiced in the eighteenth century that acknowledged childrens curiosity and capacity to m ake new ideas and meanings. In 1999, Gopnik, Meltzoff and Kuhl supported this theory with revolutionised ideas on the human mind and childhood.Theybelieved that babies are born with the ability to make connections to the world around them and with this desire to explore is born curiosity, in turn evolution our creativity. However, Woolf and Belloli (2005) state that children also need a supportive environment and the opportunities in which to develop the skills required to support their creativity. Adults should encourage children, provide new materials, such as stories, music and dance in order to explore and offer interest and praise to promote self value and a olfaction of achievement.More contemporary theories support Woolf and Bellolis ideas, such as the Effective Provision of Preschool Education Project (EPPE) 2004, which emphasises the importance of adult supported play. Interaction and reference during play is significant, for it is the process and not the final outcome t hat is central to creative learning. It is also believed that creativity and creative learning support holistic development in the early years, improving overall outcomes especially for those from disadvantaged backgrounds.By developing a childs innate curiosity and creativity, practitioners are able to gain on current skills and expand opportunities. The Thomas Coram Childrens Centre in Camden, London focuses on the Every Child Matters Agenda and the importance of creativity in the early years and shows from a study conducted in 2009, that 90% of the cohort of children who left that year, reached or exceeded expectations for their age, although only 56% were reaching expectations on entry to the centre.Studies have emphasised the importance of developing creative practice in the early years setting and fostering creativity directly from the child, encouraging a childs ideas and promoting the possibilities. Jeffrey and Craft (2010) believe this practice to be learner inclusive by p roviding young children with the means and resources to demonstrate their own unique skills, initiating their own ideas and developing their own perception of the world around them. 3.Critically analyse how creativity and creative learning can support young childrens emotional, social, intellectual, communication and strong-arm development. Creativity and Creative learning can be delivered across the whole curriculum and can support each of the Early Learning Foundation Stages six areas of development Personal Social and Emotional Communication, Language and Literacy Problem Solving, Reasoning and Numeracy Knowledge and correspondence of the World Physical Development (Gross repulse and fine motor) and Creative Development.All these areas must be delivered through a balance of child initiated and adult led activities and are all equally significant in the holistic development of young children. Personal, Social and Emotional Supports development through the process of selecting an d using activities and resources independently and in taking turns and sharing equipment during fantastic play. Communication, Language and Literacy Supports development through the listening to and the use of language, both through written and spoken.Uses this to communicate in play and in learning by public lecture about what they are doing and communicating with others. Problem Solving, Reasoning and Numeracy Supports development through developing mathematical ideas and methods to solve practical problems and learning new concepts. Knowledge and Understanding of the World Supports development through the use of senses and the investigation of objects and materials. Physical Supports development through the use of handling tools, objects, construction and malleable materials, developing dexterity, had and eye co-ordination and habitual fine motor skills.Creative Supports development through expressing and communicating ideas, thoughts and feelings, through imaginative play, de signing, making, music and song, drawing and painting. Pompts aesthetic awareness and appreciation of shape, patterns, relationships and composition. Bibliography * www. hoddereducation. co. uk/SiteImages/f3/f3966925-d0a6-4 * www. educationstudies. org. uk/materials/comptonf4. pdf * www. ofsted. gov. uk/resources/learning-creative-approaches-raise-standards.

Disaster in Franklin County

Disaster in Franklin County Jennifer Wadsworth Western Governors University Disaster in Franklin County Role of Major habitual wellness Per watchwordnel The roles of major public wellness personnel must(prenominal) be delegated properly in a disaster situation in rules of hostel to facilitate effective action. In the incident presented, a chain of command was established and assignments given to the appropriate personnel based on their skills and experience. As a whole, this group reports to the casualty Commander, an individual that is answerable for managing the entire disaster operation and various teams involved in every level of disaster management.In the premier(prenominal) hardly a(prenominal) hours following a disaster there argon many things that need to be communicate. In the scenario presented, one of the initial messages that must be presented is water gumshoe. making known the public on the rationale of why their water is unsafe is important in athletic suppo rtering them assure the necessity of boiling it before use to bar illness. Also informing them of where they can obtain a safe water supply is crucial.The availability of temporary shelters and housing is in like manner important in the first hours and days following the storm since many people whitethorn have had to leave their seats due to flooding, loss of power, or structural damage. Making sure citizens understand the dangers posed by downed power lines and the steps they should take when encountering them is a health issue as well. Proper food storage and handling is also critical when there is a lack of power in many homes. Knowing how long food result last in an inoperable refrigerator or freezer will help prevent foodborne illness.Other messages of magnificence in the weeks to follow include the topic of mold. While it may not be of the utmost importance initially, residents who have experienced flooding in their homes must be made aware of how to identify the sour ce of the problem and how to treat and remove it in order to prevent any health risks associated with mold. Public health officials must assist in assessing shelter sites to ensure proper food handling, storage, and preparation. Ample and sanitary hindquarters facilities must be assessed in order to arrange for additional portable serve to be brought in if necessary. The living onditions that exist in the shelter must also be assessed in order to ensure individual privacy and personal safety. Tetanus was a concern for some citizens and the public health officials alerted theater of operations immunization clinics to who may be at risk for developing the illness as well as recommendations for vaccination by the Centers for Disease Control and bar (CDC). Safety of area restaurants and their ability to reopen came into question after the storm and public health officials, in cooperation with adjoining counties, worked to address the issue in a timely fashion in order to restore a backbone of normalcy to the community.They must all be inspected to ensure that all public health guidelines are being followed and that the establishment is structurally sound. Providing culturally competent educational materials to members of the community, including those that may not speak English, is important and would potentially address the clean-up of hazardous materials, downed limbs, and trees as well as proper treatment of private wells. In the scenario members of the public health team joined other emergency workers in assisting those residents that may be cut off from supplies due to flooding in their area.Public health care fors assisted in door-to-door interview with those residents to address immediate health concerns or injuries that may have occurred as a result of the storm, as well as the availability of basic supplies. Basic physical assessments may be necessary in some situations. The maintain can address medication and medical equipment supplies, and the ab ility to use medical equipment such as nebulizers and oxygen concentrators.A lack of power would leave people with certain health conditions at risk of major health complications. Evacuation to temporary housing or shelters may be a go alternative for some, especially those requiring dialysis or chemotherapy, and the public health nurse could assist in arranging it. The public health nurse was able to help mastermind the delivery of necessary medications to those in short supply, enabling the patient to remain in their home for the time being.Safe food and water supplies would need to be addressed with homeowners. Information regarding the safe storage, handling, and preparation of food without power is a topic of concern. Inquiring as to any structural damage or flooding in peoples homes would allow the opportunity to provide laborsaving training pertaining to temporary housing, the need to boil water, and general personal safety. The public health nurse should also be availabl e as residents return to their homes after flood waters have subsided.She can provide basic health information to those with questions or concerns. In conjunction with other public health officials, the nurse can assist in providing information regarding proper clean up, disposal of hazardous waste, mold, and the safety of food that remained in the home while the residents were in shelters. Public health officials, including the public health nurse, should be present at any informational meetings held for the public.They would be gauzy resources for citizens that have questions regarding matters of health and safety and could supply written information for a variety of concerns, such as water and food safety, disease outbreaks as a result of the storm, and general health information including immunizations. Mental health issues may also arise as a result of the disaster and proving information on resources, as well as referrals, may be necessary. The Chain of Command The Emergency trading operations Center (EOC) Commander is the individual responsible for the entire disaster recovery.The Medical/Health Branch Director, in conjunction with the entire public health group, would report to the Commander and the EOC team regarding apt(p) health issues that may arise. Those issues may require immediate action, or may be something that could arise during and after the clean-up from the storm. The public health group is a system unto itself known as the happening Command System. The Deputy Director served as the Incident Commander and the remainder of the system was made up of individuals from the local health department.The lead role of Operations Section Chief is responsible for developing and implementing a plan, as well as ways in which to achieve the goals they establish. All other members of the Public Health Incident Command System will report to the Chief. The Operations Chief will also help to organize, assign, and supervise other outside resources necess ary for the triumph of the plan. Other roles that the Operations Chief assigns to members of the department include Public Information Officer, Finance/Administration Chief, Planning Chief, Liaison Officer, and Logistics Chief.The Public Information Officer is responsible for providing appropriate public health information pertinent to the disaster. They will be the media contact and will ensure that important information reaches the public in a timely manner to limit the risk of new health issues. They will also educate fellow public health staff so that they are able to act as a cohesive group with a consistent message. The Finance/Administration Chief will have an accounting emphasize and will deal with any financial aspects that arise, such as payroll of employees and contracted workers brought on board specifically due to the storm.The Planning Chief will be the point of contact for all information that is released to the public regarding the disaster. The documentation they provide will be written in the languages necessary to ensure everyone change by the disaster is informed. The Liaison Officer is the point of contact for outside resources, providing information and answering any questions they may have regarding the disaster or services needed. The Logistics Chief acquires things that Operations needfully to get the job done such as space, supplies and equipment.The Community Health Nurse would report to the Incident Commander and the members of the Incident Command System. Resources Available to the Community Health Nurse Throughout the disaster recovery, the community health nurse would certainly encounter situations that were beyond her scope of practice. there are many resources available to her and she would best serve her clients by utilizing the individuals from the Incident Command System. They would be able to put her in contact with people from moral health services to home repair.The Logistics Chief would be an excellent resource in obtaining help from outside sources for sites for shelters, equipment and supplies. The Planning Chief would be a helpful resource in gathering and distributing culturally appropriate information to people who may speak a different language. Should the nurse not know who to go to regarding a specific need, she could go to the Incident Commander who would provide her with the necessary contacts. Social Services, Environmental Health employees, and independent contractors are only a fewer of the outside sources the public health nurse may be able to utilize.Actions of the Community Health Nurse During door-to-door interviews following the storm, the community health nurse came across several situations that required immediate attention. In one instance, a homeowner had flooding in his basement and a chemical spill in his garage. The nurse had an environmental health specialist advise the homeowner on how to clean up the spill. She also made certain the homeowner was given information on mold and the best methods for cleaning his basement once the flood waters subsided. Another homeowner was overwhelmed with the entire situation.She was immediately responsible for her mother-in-law, her baby, and her household. The nurse would be able to utilize several services in this situation. Providing basic provisions would allow the family to die hard in the home should they wish to do so, however, a stay in a shelter would benefit everyone in the immediate situation given that they had lost electrical service. A social services consult would be beneficial to the family in the approach weeks if the mother-in-law remained in the home. At another(prenominal) residence, the client did not speak English and the nurse did not speak Spanish.Therefore, she communicated through the son and was able to provide instruction on proper and safe use of a generator indoors. She also made certain to have information on proper food storage, handling, and preparation as well as generator use that was in English and Spanish, delivered back to the home with the accompaniment of an interpreter. At the home of another citizen the nurse discovered someone who was in need of blood pressure medication. The nurse assessed the mans condition and, with the clients input, determined that the best resolving power was to arrange for evacuation to a shelter.Coping with the Aftermath The community health nurse utilized several techniques to calm the fears of the people interviewed following the disaster. One of the main things that she did was to take heed to them. When people had very specific concerns it was reassuring that someone was there to help. The ability to utilize resources to address their needs was of great help in reducing the anxiety level of those involved. The nurse also included each client in the decision making process regarding their individual situation.Providing them with options and then discussing with them the benefits of choosing one over another allo wed them to feel in control of their own situation. When disaster strikes, there is often a feeling of helplessness that overcomes people. The ability to choose for themselves gives back a sense of control and self-confidence. The nurse also made certain that things that required follow-up were completed. She made certain that information regarding food safety, mold, and hazardous material clean-up was disseminated to those returning to their homes.She was also available to answer questions, on location as well as at community meetings. Techniques The community health nurse used several techniques to help calm the fears of her clients. She was calm and attentive to their needs. In situations of crisis, many people simply need someone to listen to their concerns. She made herself available to do so. She was informative and provided them with pertinent information to help them manage their day to day needs in the aftermath of the storm.She addressed issues that some of the people had not considered and assisted them in coming to their own conclusions regarding their situations. Preparation for Disasters Community health nurses could help prepare themselves for such a situation by participating in mock disaster drills. more cities have such programs, and becoming even more involved and helping to organize such an event would be an excellent way of learning how to react to the immediate needs of patients when faced with an emergency situation.The nurse is responsible for continuing education that includes emergency response and all public health nurses should be held accountable for maintaining those continuing education credits. Another way of preparing for such an emergency would be to research past situations to learn about the challenges that the health care professionals faced. Understanding what the needs are is the first step in preparing for a natural or man-made disaster.

The Pirates of Penzance

The Pirate of Penzance is a movie rendition of the operetta of the same title by gigabyte and Sullivan. The said film was released in 1983 and tells the story of Frederick, a young commandeer who decides to change his ways when he meets Mabel and falls in pick out for the first time. As a comedic opera, the movie is worthy of the great reviews it receives from present day critics. However, I personally think that the director did not take advantage of the film techniques that could dupe smoothened the whole thing. He wanted to catch the raw aspect of Gilbert and Sullivans work, to a point that the settings were way hit bring up theres a cinematic experience missing.Aside from being both musical comedy factors, I think that the Little Stores of Horror and the Pirates of Penzance sh atomic number 18d little in common unless of course we socialise the general theme of romantic relations. In terms of power struggles, we could see the attempt of 2 individuals to traverse the co ntrol of people and plant they have come to love. In contrast however, the musical score of the 2 films differ.On mavin hand is a much classic, theatric composition/performances and on the other is a more modernized and jazzed up Little Shop of Horror. Both movies did epitomize the absolute masculine as the patron but instead chose to have a nerd and Frederick was not played out in a machismo kind of way.All the three films Little Shop of Horrors, The Music Man, and The Pirates of Penzance include love between two rather un the likely couple. Little shop is a cult movie by peoples standards today and does not really offer bright approach to it self. We see a person eaten up, or the dentist body being cut up. This is something one would never expect to see in the other two films. The Music Man offers a tad bit more similarity in piece and characters with the Pirates of Penzance.In terms of the inner conflicts of both films there is sameness in manner which the two protagonists are at a state of leaving and evolving from their old and assumed to be bad lives. A key element in their desire to turn a leaf is two women. One is a little girl of a major(ip) General, Mabel while the other is the towns librarian.In comparing we could say that Mabel and Ms. Marian accept the conflict of the two heroes differently. Mabel is more accepting and set ups her self to be the first person to practise Frederiks request. Ms. Marian on the other hand was the one insistent in the fraud disposition of Professor Hill. While one seeks for her lovers acceptance, the other asks for change and even agrees to hide the salesmans identity. Being the con-artist salesman shares a resemblance to being a pirate if we think about it coming in an innocent town and pillaging or deceiving in order to gain and then get up and leave.I would not have believed that Kevin Kline would ever sing in a film, especially an operetta on which he plays a Pirate King. The latter was able to capture th e aim of showing these peculiar(a) closed chain of pirates as non-ferocious kind, who really are not as buccaneer as they would want to be. There is this particular charm in the manner in which Kline handled the role.The Pirates of Penzance does not bank on realism however the portrait of Pirate King had a certain kick to the whole flick. In terms of singing vocalise we could easily see that this man can compared to Matthew Broderick and James Seymour. Kevin Kline took on the role and revealed the comedic and some what joke like layer that surrounds the Pirate King.One of my favorite characters of the Play is the Major General played by George Rose. As we could see his voice is able to replicate the demands of the accepted operatic performance. There is versatility in the type of tones he could play with in his character. One may take him as the little funny man of the show but at the same time when he explicitly shifts to his authoritative position as Major General, he is stil l able to bring out the rawness of the humor and the performance.These two individuals tended to carry the show especially where the hero, Frederick lacked. I am un positive(predicate) if he played his role according to specifications or the actor compete the part simply was an amateur and did not know how to attack the character. He attends to be one of those 1980s aspiring rockers who are a tad bit effeminate.The initial coming together of Gilbert and Sullivan was through the opera Thespis (1871) at which their approach then was spontaneous and risqu. The Producer, Richard DOyly Carte was a key think in shaping and maintaining the creative collaborations of the two. the age difference of the two men probably helped in providing a balance the works they worked together. Gilbert was hand on in his approach to theatre and made sure that everything was in order.He wanted actors to imbibe the absurdity of the characters as if they were more real and no analytic alternative is possi ble. Sullivan on the other hand focused mainly on the musical scores nub the two kept clear to a certain extent of each ones cranial orbit of responsibility. However in later years, we are able to see falling out between the two due perhaps to their difference in theatrical direction. One did not see the point of operative with the other. It was unfortunate since the humor and crispness of Gilberts craft is dressed well with the fresh notes of Sullivan.To be honest, I found the spectacle of the movie quite cheap. Perhaps this was due to the desire to maintain the authenticity of a Gilbert and Sullivan opera however in terms of set, things could be way better. It turned out to seem like the scenes are shot on a studio crafted for a local childrens program. The pirate king and Frederick had on something that cuts across old pirate with 80s new wave. Fredricks fig up is not really reminiscent of the stereotypical pirate, resembles more of a Spanish Bull Fighter get over with a Spa nish gun fitter I think that the color of his shirt and the dual belts and the articulatio genus high boots give this impressionThe theme is a coming of age, love and honor despite what one has grown to live as. There is of course the factor of finding humor and humanity in those we have often deemed to be scoundrels. The relationship between collective belonging and individuality is seen.ReferenceWilford Leach (1983), The Pirates of Penzance, film, original from Gilbert and Sullivan.